Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: GABA maintains homeostatic mitochondrial levels in the context of oxidative stress. a , b Representative images and quantification of western blots of ICAM-1, P-p42, total-p42, and c-FOS expression in HAECs treated with GABA or GABA + CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 4). c Representative morphology of the mitochondrial network structure as assayed by MitoTracker Red staining in HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 . d , e Mitochondrial ROS production in HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). Scale bar = 10 μm. f Intercellular ATP synthesis in H 2 O 2 -induced HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). g The impact of GABA on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic rates in H 2 O 2 -induced HAECs. h Western blotting of GABBR2 accumulation in mitochondria with GABA regulation according to different time spans. i Western blotting of GABBR2 accumulation in mitochondria in the GABA- or CGP52432 -treated groups. j , k Representative images and quantification of the correlations of GABBR2 and mitochondria with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.). Scale bar = 5 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial cell-derived GABA protects smooth muscle cell homeostasis from inflammatory stimulation. a Representative images and quantification of western blot showing the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1b-induced SMCs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). b qRT‒PCR analysis of the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1b-induced SMCs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). c The differentially expressed proteins in IL-1b-induced SMCs with and without GABA treatment are shown as volcano plots. d Heatmap analysis indicates that Notch3 participates in this process. e Schematic diagrams of the EC/SMC coculture system. ECs and SMCs were seeded on the upper and lower sides of a membrane, respectively. f , g Western blot showing the expression of Notch3, MMP-2, and CNN1 in IL-1b-induced SMCs cocultured with ECs (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). h , i Representative immunofluorescence images of Notch3 expression in the aortic wall of BAPN-induced AAV EC-OE GAD1 mice and vehicle-treated mice ( t test, mean ± S.D.; n = 8, 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 50 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Membrane, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Rewiring GABA metabolism reverses vascular homeostasis disorders. a Representative morphology of aortas from the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups. Scale bar = 2 mm. b Incidence of TAD in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups ( n = 16). c Probability of survival in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (log-rank (Mantel‒Cox) test; n = 16). d , e Permeation of Evans blue dye into the thoracic aortas of the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). f , g Representative EVG staining and quantification of elastin degradation in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 16). Scale bar = 20 μm. ( h – i ) Representative en face staining of ICAM-1 and statistical data for the aortic wall (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 6; 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 10 μm. j , k Representative en face staining of c-FOS and statistical data for the aortic wall from differently treated mice ( n = 6, 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 10 μm. l Representative immunofluorescence staining of infiltrating macrophages (F4/80) in the aortic wall of mice subjected to different treatments. Scale bar = 50 μm. m Representative immunofluorescence images of Notch3 expression in the aortic wall of mice subjected to different treatments. Scale bar = 50 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing